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Velocity field and operator in (non relativistic) quantum mechanics

机译:(非相对论)量子力学中的速度场和算符

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摘要

Starting from the formal expressions of the hydrodynamical (or ``local'') quantities employed in the applications of Clifford Algebras to quantum mechanics, we introduce --in terms of the ordinary tensorial framework-- a new definition for the field of a generic quantity. By translating from Clifford into tensor algebra, we also propose a new (non-relativistic) velocity operator for a spin 1/2 particle. This operator is the sum of the ordinary part p/m describing the mean motion (the motion of the center-of-mass), and of a second part associated with the so-called zitterbewegung, which is the spin ``internal'' motion observed in the center-of-mass frame. This spin component of the velocity operator is non-zero not only in the Pauli theoretical framework, i.e. in presence of external magnetic fields and spin precession, but also in the Schroedinger case, when the wave-function is a spin eigenstate. In the latter case, one gets a decomposition of the velocity field for the Madelung fluid into two distinct parts: which constitutes the non-relativistic analogue of the Gordon decomposition for the Dirac current. We find furthermore that the zitterbewegung motion involves a velocity field which is solenoidal, and that the local angular velocity is parallel to the spin vector. In presence of a non-constant spin vector (Pauli case) we have, besides the component normal to spin present even in the Schroedinger theory, also a component of the local velocity which is parallel to the rotor of the spin vector.
机译:从在克利福德代数应用于量子力学中使用的流体力学(或``局部'')量的形式表达式开始,我们根据普通张量框架为泛型领域引入了新定义数量。通过将Clifford转换为张量代数,我们还提出了一个自旋1/2粒子的新(非相对论)速度算子。该算子是描述平均运动(质心运动)的普通部分p / m与与所谓的zitterbewegung相关的第二部分之和的总和,这就是自旋``内部''在质量中心框架中观察到的运动。速度算子的这种自旋分量不仅在Pauli理论框架中(即在存在外部磁场和自旋进动的情况下)非零,而且在Schroedinger情况下(当波函数是自旋本征态时)也是非零的。在后一种情况下,将马德隆流体的速度场分解为两个不同的部分:这构成了狄拉克电流的戈登分解的非相对论性。我们还发现,zitterbewegung运动涉及一个螺线管速度场,并且局部角速度平行于自旋矢量。在存在非恒定自旋矢量的情况下(Pauli情况),除了在Schroedinger理论中甚至存在自旋的法向分量之外,我们还具有与自旋矢量的转子平行的局部速度分量。

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  • 作者

    Salesi, G; Recami, E;

  • 作者单位
  • 年度 1996
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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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